Internet

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 The internet is a worldwide network of interconnected computers and devices that share information, resources, and services by using standardized protocols for communication.

Definition:-

The internet is a network of networks, which allows billions of devices around the world to communicate and share information.

 Origin:-

The internet began in the 1960s as ARPANET, a project developed by the U.S. Department of Defense for research purposes. It became a public network in the 1990s with the invention of the World Wide Web.

Core Technologies:-

  • IP (Internet Protocol): Controls how data is transmitted and received between devices.
  • TCP- It ensures reliable data transfer.
  • HTTP/HTTPS is used for transferring web pages and other data securely.
Components:-

  • Servers: Host Web Sites and Apps, Data.
  • Clients: Devices such as smartphones, computers, or IoT devices that access data.
  • High-speed data routes connecting large networks across the world, backbones.
  • ISPs: Internet Service Providers Provide access to the internet for users.
key Service:-
  • World Wide Web: A system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via browsers.
  • Email: One of the oldest and still important means of communication in the cyberspace.
  • File Transfer (FTP): Share files directly between the devices.
  • Streaming: Real-time delivery of audio and video content.


How is it work:-
Data Transmission:
  • Split data into small packets
  • Small packets of data travel along different networks to reach the target destination
  • At the end, the packets are arranged in their original form into a readable data.
IP Address :Each device connected to the Internet will have an IP address uniquely in the form of IPv4 and IPv6.

DNS-(Domain Name System):Translates human-readable domain names (like google.com) into IP addresses.


Advantage:-

  • Global Connectivity: Facilitates instantaneous communication around the world.
  • Information Access: Offers access to vast knowledge and resources.
  • E-commerce: Facilitates online shopping and services.
  • Education: Offers online learning platforms and resources.



Challenges:-
  • Cybersecurity: Hacking, phishing, and malware.

  • Digital Divide: Internet services are not accessible equally across all regions.

  • Privacy: Tracking and surveillance of data.


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