Anatomy Of Computers

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          The Internal structure of computer varies from one model to another.But the basic components of a computer remain the from model to model.To function properly,a computer requires both hardware and software.Hardware consists of mechanical and electronic device that we can see and touch.keyboard,monitor,DVD are some example of computer hardware.software consists of program,operating system and data that resides in memory and stores in the device.Java,microsoft office,open office are some example of computer software.

 A Computer mainly performs the four function-

1.Receive input-Accept information from outside through varius input devices like keyboard,mouse etc.

2.Process information-Perform arithmetic or logical operation on the information.

 3.Produce Output-Communicate information to the outside world through output devices such device as monitors,printers,etc.

 4.Store information-Store information in storage devices such as hard disks,compact,disks,etc.

                                    A Computer has the three main components

                                      1.I/O Unit                     2.Central Processing Unit

                                       3.Memory Unit                    


      1.Input/Output Unit-

 A Computer is a machine that process input data and produces output according to given instructions.The unit used in a computer to receive data and instruction and disply or print the output is known as an input./output unit.The keyboard is the device while the monitor is the main output device.


    2.Central Processing Unit-(CPU)-
Central Processing is a main component of a computer which   performs all the processing of input datta.
In microcomputers,CPU is built on a single chip or integrated    circuit IC and is called a microprocessor.
The CPU consists of the distinct parts-
1.Control Unit(CU)-
  Purpose-Instruction the CPU
 2.Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU)-
 Purpose-Performs directed mathematical and logical operation.
 3.Resisters-
  Purpose-Temporarily store small amount of data.
 4.Buses-
  Purpose-Act as a Communication backend.
 5.Clock-
  Purpose-Synchronizes the operations of the CPU..

3.Memory Unit-
 The Memory unit is used to store data,instruction,and information               before,during,and after processing by the ALU.It is essentially a workspace in a computer where the CPU stores data and instruction. 
There are two types-
                   
                  1.  RAM(Random Access Memory)-
                                 RAM is a type of volatile memory used by computers to temporarily store data that the CPU is actively using or processing.once the system is powered off,the data in RAM is lost.It helps run application and manage tasks.dor instance,when you open a browser or play a game,it uses RAM.   

                   2. ROM(Read-Only Memory)-
                        ROM is a type of non-volatile memory that permently      stores data.It retains its consists even when the computer is powered off. used to store firmware or system-level software that is rarely                                                                changed,such as the BIOS/UEFT firmware in computers.


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